Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD)

Causes of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease

Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is caused by viruses in the Enterovirus group, which infect humans. Several strains can cause the disease, with Coxsackievirus A16 being one of the most common and generally less severe. The incubation period is usually around 7–10 days.

Another strain, Enterovirus 71 (EV71), can cause more severe infections and may lead to serious complications, including:

• Aseptic meningitis
• Muscle weakness
• Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)

These complications can affect the nervous system and may result in severe conditions such as heart dysfunction, low blood pressure, pulmonary edema, or fluid accumulation in the lungs.

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Prevention of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease

HFMD spreads from person to person through direct contact with nasal secretions, saliva, sputum, fluid from blisters, and the feces of infected individuals. The risk of infection can be reduced by following these preventive measures:

• Wash hands thoroughly and frequently, especially after touching objects used by infected individuals.
• Wash hands before and after meals.
• Wash hands after using the restroom.
• Wash hands before and after feeding a child.
• Use serving spoons and avoid sharing eating utensils.
• Avoid direct contact with the saliva, nasal secretions, and blister fluid of infected individuals.
• Consume freshly cooked and hygienic food.
• Avoid taking children to crowded places such as public parks, markets, and playgrounds during outbreaks.
• Regularly clean toys, learning materials, and frequently touched surfaces.
• Do not share personal items with others.
• Children who are ill should stay home from school to prevent the spread of infection.
• Maintain cleanliness at home, schools, and childcare centers.

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Provided by: Kasemrad Prachachuen Hospital
Reference Source: SiamHealth.net

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Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD)